Assessment of implant surface and instrument insert changes due to instrumentation with different tips for ultrasonic-driven debridement

Abstract Background To assess the changes of implant surfaces different roughness after instrumentation with ultrasonic-driven scaler tips materials. Methods Experiments were performed on two moderately rough (I—Inicell® and II—SLA®), one surface without pre-treatment (III) smooth machined (IV). Scaler made steel (A), PEEK (B), titanium (C), carbon (D) resin (E) used for a standardized pressure 100 g ten seconds under continuous automatic motion. Each combination tip was three times 8 discs. After assessed by profilometry, morphological scanning electron microscopy, element distribution utmost energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results The discs I II significantly reduced all except E. For disc III IV enhanced A C and, only IV, D. Instrumentation B, D E left extensive residuals I, III. analysis these deposits proved consistent elemental composition respective Conclusion All ultrasonic instruments led to microscopic alterations types implants in present study. least change might result from or surfaces.